Divorce in the Twilight Years

In her weekly Column in the Peace Weekly, a religious sister considers the problem of divorce in the twilight years which is now not an uncommon occurrence in Korea.

One day B came to the Sister crying: "My husband  had an  affair," she said, "my chest is cold and feel I am going to  die." As she listened, she wondered was the husband doing what she claimed was the case?  She met the husband by accident. He denied the affair and hated his wife so much that he didn't even bother to explain.

They have lived well for over 30 years. A Marriage Encounter couple who participated in many activities and lived an exemplary religious life. So those who knew them hearing about their separation found it hard to believe and the sister also who knew the couple before they were married found the news shocking.
 

The husband wasn't much of a talker but a family-centered person with a gentle smile and faithful social life. During her encounter with the husband, he was greatly disturbed and blurted out: "Am I a money-making machine? I had to worry about every penny I spent. I wanted to die."
 
It was obvious that it wasn't just a woman's problem. At the moment, it was sad to think how difficult it was  living in a situation with heartache and feelings  building up one upon another and couldn't express them. The wife was the family head, living with a passive husband, and now she wants a little life, but the husband's rebellion put a stop to all of her desires and Sister felt sorry for her. 

At some point, her husband was bothered by the wife's harsh and rough words, and the wife was annoyed by her husband's coldness, whose cause was unknown. The husband lived without receiving respect and recognition from his wife. She lived desiring a heart to heart encounter with her husband. The wife was busy with heavy housekeeping the husband worked hard to support the family and now they were busy shooting arrows of anger at each other, always the fault of the other.
 
Sister was frustrated as a friend of both. What he wants from his wife is 'respect', and what she wants from her husband is 'candid conversation'. But they refuse to even talk to each other. They made wedding vows before many guests and God. They loved each other when they got married and sacrificed for each other.

One of the causes of divorce during the twilight years of life is the lack of communication. But communication doesn't mean only the sharing of words.  First of all, communication starts with the story of the true self. So these couples should open their hearts to each other. The story of 'I', not 'you'. If one is not able to do this they may need professional help. 

Of course, speaking won't change the past. However, my view of the past may change. A small light can light up the gloom and darkness of the past and help one change the tone of the encounter with the other.  Another small light and another may appear. Then the past will look different, even if it doesn't change. If the past looks different, the present will be different. If the present changes, tomorrow will change.

Korea and Japan are Neighbors Aren't They?

At the beginning of Oct, the Catholic Northeast Asian Peace Research Institute held the 3rd International Conference on the 'History of Korean and Japanese Relations and the Healing of Memories'. Uijeongbu Diocese was the setting for the discussion and the meeting of religious and academic persons, looking for peace. The conference was sponsored by the Catholic Times and the Diocesan National Reconciliation Committee and written up in the Catholic Times.

In a welcoming speech, the president of the Catholic Times mentions that the Korean Supreme Court is deciding the responsibility of Japanese companies to provide reparations for the forced labor of Koreans and at the same time they are discussing the relationship between the two countries.

 1) Overcoming Historical Memory

A Russian professor in Korean Studies made the first presentation. Historical memory has to be overcome to realize peace. There is a need to overcome the negative image of conflict between the two nations and begin a new history with the goal of peace and prosperity. Japan's colonization on the Korean peninsula has left a negative image of Japan on the minds of Koreans. The objective situation is difficult to change, but the mutual images that each country has of the other can be improved.

 2) Healing of memory

The Japanese Church has taken the lead in restoring relations between Korea and Japan, which are deteriorating day by day, and seeks to improve the mutual image for peace in Northeast Asia.

 A keynote speech by the bishop president of the Justice and Peace Council of Japan acknowledged the responsibility and apologized for the colonial abuse. He acknowledges that Japan in the war caused indescribable suffering in many Asian countries. He also apologized for the fact that the Japanese Church cooperated with Japan's national policy of war.

A priest, a professor and the secretary of the Justice and Peace Council of the Japanese Episcopal Conference, gave the second presentation, and also apologized for Japan's war in Asia and pointed out the mistakes of the Japanese government and the media are currently making. In particular, he emphasized the social participation of the Korean church and the activities of the Japan Peace Council. Throughout the process of democratization, he explained the Japanese Church's solidarity with the Korean Church. In Japan, the regime's social control is becoming stronger, which will require that the citizens of the two countries need to be the light and hope— especially civil movements concerned with peace and human rights, and the connection between religious people and scholars.

3) Efforts for Reconciliation-Solidarity

Various opinions were shared to lead to reconciliation between Korea and Japan. Bishop of the Uijeongbu Diocese, who was in charge of the second session, looked at the issue of historical memory from the perspective of the affected party. The bishop pointed out that the root cause of the Korean-Japanese problem lies in the history of colonial rule and that it is necessary to know the history.

 Efforts for reconciliation need to be followed by the apology of the offender. However, under the current Abe regime, this is difficult so what is needed is the solidarity of the citizens. We cannot wait until the apology comes from the Japanese government but need to increase solidarity for reconciliation, and the prayers of the two countries.

A professor of Japanese Studies at the Anglican University was in charge of the second session, also argued that the civil society of the two countries should search for the wisdom to overcome the vicious cycle of conflict and confrontation between the two countries using the principles of human rights and peace.

4) General Discussion

In the third session, a comprehensive discussion on the causes and solutions to the deterioration of Korea-Japan relations was conducted. Participants expressed deep concern over the current break down of relations between Korea and Japan, and actively debated in recognition that Korea and Japan were inseparable from each other.

Participants cited that differences in perceptions on past issues between the two governments make it difficult to resolve the dispute. This is because the two countries' exchanges are centered on economics, ignoring serious reflection on fundamental historical issues.

In particular, he stressed that the Abe government should seriously and sincerely reflect on the past and actively make efforts to establish peace on the Korean Peninsula and in Northeast Asia. The South Korean government also said it needed a corresponding effort. Apart from the government, solidarity and cooperation among civil society will be an important asset for peace.

In particular, the consensus was reached on the importance of education in history. In this way, the civil society of both countries jointly proposed the creation of contents that can be easily accessed by the public such as textbook production, film, drama, and animation.

They also agreed that the Korean and Japanese churches should pray and come together to improve relations and achieve peace in East Asia. In particular, it was determined to promote exchange and cooperation among all classes within the church and to eliminate feelings such as 'against Japan' and 'dislike of Korea' feelings toward each other. It was also said that efforts were needed to understand and improve the situation of the "Korean-Japanese in Japan," which are suffering greatly from the worsening relationship between the two countries.

Small Is Beautiful

A college professor in a Peace Weekly article reminds us that 'Small is Beautiful'. He tells the readers his business card contains a few things besides his name, job and contacting information. On the back of the card, he has the cover pictures of two books he has published on city planning and design— good publicity. When they take the card without looking at the backside he is sad.

 Also, he has five Chinese characters on the back. He made his own slogan to fit our Korean reality using the phrase 'Small is Beautiful'. His five words together mean: 'Many small things together give strength and beauty'. He refers to the book written by Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (1911-1977): Small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered. A book very popular around the world at that time.

But can small things be beautiful? Forget the beautiful, can small things survive around the large? Schumacher says yes. He proposes an economy that values people and respects the natural ecosystem, not an economy seeking mass production and mass consumption. When small things come together, a healthier, truer human-centered economy is possible. Is his claim that small things can be beautiful valid?

To have a decent gentle city that the citizens want, we need to see the city with new eyes. Citizens are the owners of the city; what we have is not given by fate but can change according to the wishes and courage of the inhabitants. The strength of each citizen is small but when they work together as masters by words and deeds strength increases. 

Being the author of two books on cities he is invited to give lectures. At the end of the lectures he introduces his five-word slogan:'Many small things together give strength and beauty'.

We can divide the world's economy into two, one is a dinosaur-like economy and the other is a rabbit-like economy. If we inadvertently consume the products of large corporations and multinational giants, do you think the size of the dinosaurs will shrink? If we don't help the rabbit economies, such as village businesses, social enterprises, and cooperatives, will the rabbit economies survive among dinosaurs?

How can we make a beautiful world, a world where the strong and the weak live together; a world good in God's eyes? The professor finds the answer in small is beautiful. I believe that if many small entities are in solidarity with each other and strengthened, they can be reborn as strong and beautiful new realities. 

Even if half of the population in Seoul and the metropolitan area is lost, smaller cities will benefit and need to think about how to work together with the other cities in building good public transportation and in other areas to benefit the citizens.

Grains of sand separately are weak, but when united tightly together, they are no longer weak. Smallness working together can become strong and beautiful.

'Hwa-byung' is it only a Korean Problem?

In Korea, the term 'Hwa-byung' made up of two words: 'Hwa' meaning anger and Byung, illness is used frequently. The International Classification of Diseases lists this as a Korean folk disease. 

 

The word 'Han' from the Chinese character (恨) expresses the feeling of sorrow, resentment, vexation that has not been resolved. English doesn't have any good equivalent. 

 

All Koreans know and understand what is meant. An ache of the heart may be a good rendering of the meaning.

 

'Han' is both the symptom and the cause of Hwa-byung. This feeling of victimization, resentfulness, feeling helpless and not able to resolve the situation leaves one with pent up feelings that are said to pervade the culture.

 

Koreans have had more than there share of unjust issues to deal with in their history. The many invasions, the caste system in Korean history, the period from 1910 to 1945 under the Japanese colonial rule, followed shortly after by the Korean War and the division of the country. But the reasons are not limited to external situations of the country but are expressed as arising when people are restrained from confronting their feelings of anger as a consequence of circumstances which may be in the family.

 

A doctor professor in psychiatry gives the readers in a diocesan bulletin an understanding of the symptoms and causes of the malady. Problems affect the body and become an obstacle in regulating and dealing with anger.

 

The common and major symptoms: heat welling up from inside, resentment, pent up emotions, lumps in the throat and breast. The healing process, according to the doctor is similar to many other mental problems in society. Finding what the reasons are for the feelings and working to eliminate them. Both to change thinking and behavior.

 

To prevent the onset of the illness it's necessary to keep the right balance between control and expression of the emotions. It is not healthy to become angry and not know the reason or have a good reason to be angry and to bottle it up inside. It's necessary to express our emotions properly.

 

One can't help wondering in the world today whether this is a trait limited to Korea. With the unrest we see in the world it may be a good idea for the specialists to begin studies on the existence of the 'Hwa-byung' in other cultures.

Why It's Difficult to Judge

On a street near one of the train stations in Seoul, workers gather looking for work. The police are there to keep order. The workers there to sell their manpower to feed their families. Whether it snows or rain the workers are waiting to be hired for the day when the waiting time is over there is both the mixture of joy and sadness. Those selected will take the vehicle to the worksite and the others empty-handed head home.

 The average monthly salary in Korea is about 3,000 dollars but the gap between the have and have-nots continues to get larger. So begins an article in Bible and Life by a Seoul parish priest.

 The words of Jesus come to mind in his parable of the grape workers waiting to be hired. They were the poorest in society. Worse off than the slaves of those days. The salary at that time for a day's work was one denarius, barely enough to feed a family. The kind landowner of the Gospel went looking for those without work right up to sunset to send them to his vineyard.  

 Calling the workers to work in the vineyard is not the central issue of the parable, the focus is the payment of the workers. Those who worked from sunrise got the same amount as those who worked only one hour. They received what was promised but they expected more: "They only worked for one hour and we worked the whole day in the hot sun—yet you paid them the same as you paid us!"

 It's common sense that the workers get paid according to time spent in the work done. However, in this case, the owner had a different standard. This owner did not consider the quantity or quality of the work. 

 "My ways are not your ways—it is Yahweh who speaks. Yes, the heavens are as high above earth as my ways are above your ways, my thoughts above your thoughts"(Isaiah 55:8).

In a short story called "The Last Judgment," Karel Capek (1890-1938) tells of a murderer, a serial killer, Kugler, who arrives before God to be judged. He is brought before the heavenly court to see if the afterlife would be heaven or not. God is called as a witness who explains thoroughly to the judges about the crimes. They sentence him to lifelong punishment in hell. Krugler expected God to be his judge: "Why you who is God don't judge but allow people just like me to pass judgment?"

 God answers: "I know everything if the judge knew everything... he would not be able to judge. Consequently, he must know only about the acts of killing that you are guilty of. Since I know everything I am not able to judge."

 In this short story, we are given a reason why God's judgment is always just and the reason we have to have mercy and love towards others. God knows our story from the time in the womb and from before, we see only the results of action. In the parable of the vineyard, we see only inefficient workers, God sees workers who can't find work.

 In the parable of the kindhearted owner of the vineyard, we see the loving heart of God. In this world as in the manpower markets of the world, we see the capable and not so capable. In the clamor of the world, we, on the other hand, know that God is offering us his graces everyday like food and wants us to recognize and accept the invitation.

The Unity In Love

We are in the Auschwitz concentration camp at night. The early winter moonlight is cold and white as it shines inside the barracks.The inmates look ghostly lying in line and the barracks in complete silence. It is not too difficult to imagine such a scene. This is often the background in movies and documentaries. 

Breaking the silence is a song from the corner of the barracks. It is a song of an ancient Hebrew prayer called "Kol Nidre".  Moonlight shines  on the face of an old man staring at the night sky through the window. The prisoners wake up quietly, one by one, and stare at the moonlit face of the old man. At the end of the song their faces show signs of joy. The old man was so engrossed in singing his prayers that he didn't notice that the inmates were  listening.

One of the survivors from Auschwitz, Leon Szalet testified that the hope that had begun in the death camp that night was "a delight that only those who have fallen to the bottom" can  experience. The  testimony of Szalet arose in the thoughts of our writer in his article in the Peace Weekly for Mission Sunday Oct. 20th, due to Korea's gloomy religious reality.

Religious people talk too freely and easily about God they believe. Questions about the biggest difficulties and   puzzles in life are met with ready answers and great conviction. For a while, this was heard on TV healing programs, but nowadays  the public square has become a battlefield for political ideology. The writer does not have the ability to comment on the extreme remarks of the few  people coming from the square.

In the society in which we live, if a religious scandal hits the media, all religions will be mocked on a large scale. Many of the Zacchaeuses  (Luke 19,1-10), who are in the Sycamore trees will, descend from the tree and just return home. God-denying atheists, skeptics, who have been curious about Jesus Christ just turn their backs and walk away.

What song should Christians sing in this dark night? What song should you sing to the Zacchaeuses in the trees.Those who cry in the pit of pain what song will bring them the hope of deliverance?

The Zacchaeuses of this age want to hear God's promise to be with us even at the time of death. When such a song of salvation is heard, you will sit and listen in a devotional manner like the Auschwitz prisoners. In addition, the Zacchaeuses are thirsting for unity. This is because we are tired of conflict and dividing into factions.

The Christian faith is small but an intense spark. The flame must not be buried in the ashes of conflict. To be neutral or have  vague attitudes are signs of  spiritual laziness. Coming out of the ashes, you have to ignite the desire for harmony and healing. People are hurting because of all the  conflict and hatred, but why not sing the gospel song of reconciliation, forgiveness, love, and brotherhood?

We look forward to seeing  in our religious leaders a message of healing and unity. That is the song that Christians should sing now, and the good news for which  Korean society is waiting. Suddenly, our writer  misses Cardinal Kim Su-hwan.

The Search for Meaning

Life is filled with many woes: not satisfying, weariness, boredom, much is missing. The moment this changes to joy, shortly it returns to the original state. We are bound by the chains of dissatisfaction.  A professor in the science of the mind in an article in the Kyeongyang magazine gives us a scientific understanding of what humans desire.

Antonio Damasio, a neuroscientist, says all life has two basic emotions: positive and negative. If it is a negative emotion one strives to be rid of it, if positive one wants it to remain. This is true of all the many different emotions. 

What do we desire to avoid and what to possess? Hunger, pain, danger, are all associated with death, if possible we try to get rid of them. Satisfaction, security, happiness are related to life and we desire them. This is a basic principle in biology. All life follows this principle.

However, there is one exception, human beings. Up until now, it's only humans that kill themselves. We hear stories of animals killing themselves but they are only legends. Only humans show an absence of motivation to initiate purposeful activities. We see it often in cases of depression, not found in any other animal life.

 Not to desire anything is seemingly to rise to a high level of self-control but it's not a plus. In serious cases of depression, one often falls into this kind of situation— no desire to eat, sleep, no joy, or sadness. No motivational desire, there is no will even to kill oneself.

In 1944 in the concentration camp of Auschwitz many thousands of Jews were incarcerated. Vaguely they believed they would be freed at Christmas of that year. This was a groundless belief but it gave them hope. But nothing happened and within a week many died. A month later they were freed.

 What one hopes for is not that important. Hope itself gives life, energy. But without hope, seeking only power brings death. People who are depressed often kill themselves when they are recovering. They find the strength to do it.

 Of the seven capital sins, greed, lust, etc. half of them are to do with selfishness. When nothing is desired that is a very serious situation, it's called sloth. Eating to satiety, to rest and play is not just laziness, when all motivation and hope are missing we have depression.

 The writer uses Heidegger's expression of having been thrown into the world. We don't know what is our destiny which makes us feel uncomfortable. Greed, lust, gluttony, pleasure doesn't solve anything. It leads to boredom. Anxiety leads to depression and helplessness.

Hope is not only looking to win the lottery, get into college, get a promotion. This is only a release from the present anxiety using a temporary pleasure. It's not traveling around the world,  bungee jumping or other activities on our wish list which are just forms of escape, and bring more weariness and fatigue.

We need not ask what we can gain from life but what life wants from us. Our life can be unhappy, tragic, but it is not necessarily a failure. Life's object is not happiness or success. We need to look for what life is asking from us. It is the search for meaning.

Transparency in the Use of Money within Religion

Today as in the beginning and throughout history, we have the continual betrayal of Jesus' message by the messengers. Those who should be an example often are far from that in their words and actions. In recent years what upsets the faithful is the aberrations in sexual and monetary matters both the sinful and the unwise words and actions of those called to be the teachers, and especially the clergy.

Last year there was a gathering of parish priests. At the end of the meeting, a priest asked them to talk about the offering to the bishop during the Confirmation visit to the parishes It was a topic of interest to many at the meeting. Each year, the priests are concerned about how much to offer as a Confirmation gift to the bishop. This issue was the subject of an article in a bulletin for priests.

 Korea has the anti-corruption law which took effect in 2016. The law aims to stop the use of gift-giving to curry favors with those in public office, the media, and education. The drinking and dining at expensive restaurants have certain limits, parents will not be giving gifts to teachers and one has to be careful about how much they give at marriages and funerals, etc. Limits to monetary gifts have been set. This anti-corruption law is called the Kim Young-ran Act.
 
Among OECD countries, South Korea ranked 29th in the degree of corruption in society out of 35 countries in 2017, showing no change from the previous year. (The higher the number the more corruption) At times it is difficult to determine if a gift is a bribe or a true gift without expectations. Even within the church, the difference between gift and bribe is at times open to question as it was in this article.

In a large diocese a priest who lived a very simple lifestyle and was upright in all he did always gave about 5 dollars as a Mass stipend to the bishop on his pastoral visit for Confirmation. At that time, that was a surprisingly small amount. Most of the parishes would be giving about 300 to 500 hundred dollars.

 After sharing many stories, one priest said with a serious look. According to criminal law against officials, it could be a bribe—If a person has the right to make appointments and there is no transparency in the money received we have the opening to what the Kim Young-ran Act is trying to prevent. The Kim Young-ran Act not only applies to public officials but also strictly applies to civilians even in small amounts.

A bishop in a large city some years ago said that he will not accept any gifts during the pastoral visits to the parishes. Some diocese has set a uniform amount of about 300 dollars. However, there are not a few priests who give more than that. Many poor parishes in the country said they could only give a small amount, and that has been no problem.

One bishop said he turns all the money over to the diocese that would manage the money. Some said they use it for special works in the church. For hundreds of years, few objected to the use of such money, and have taken it for granted, but the changes of the times seem to apply to a new reality.

At the meeting, some said it was advisable to put bishops' gifts into the diocesan budget because this is a time when society is asking for more transparency. On the other hand, others said the Mass stipends have a long history of being used for living expenses in church law, they have no problem with the tradition.

In recent years, there has been a movement within Korea to get rid of the corruption that we have in society. In Buddhism, Protestantism, and Catholicism, monks, pastors, and priests gathered to find ways to get rid of corruption within the religious communities. Many things have to be corrected in the religious world, but the problem of money is the quickest way to corrupt religion. And many agreed that fiscal transparency must be achieved to prevent corruption.

Passing Down Social Status

Pope Francis in August of  2014 beatified  Paul Yun Ji-chung and 123 companions. The writer in the Peace Column of the Peace Weekly reminisces and gives us some thoughts on the kind of society we have made. Blessed Paul impressed the writer in refusing to have the funeral rites for his mother according to the customs of the time because for him it had elements which he considered superstitious and because of this died a martyr. Not following social custom was shocking to the Joseon society and the Confucian tradition.

Another of the Blessed was Hwang Il-kwang, Simon (1757-1802). He was a member of the lowest class in society but was treated so well that he felt he was already in heaven. He was just moving from one heaven to another. For him the church was a light that opened the way for us to live in heaven.

Recently Korean society has seen the way some of the elite in society have used their influence to gain benefits that the ordinary citizen would find impossible, showing the inequality and unfair structures of society. Blessed Simon may be looking down from heaven with a sad heart. In the believers' village in which he lived, the upper class lived with the commoners and the lowest of society, and all sharing what they had, poor they were, but nobody in that village was dying from hunger in the Confucian society of that day.

In our society argue some: children are born with gold, silver, copper, and earthen spoons depending on their parents' wealth and power. In addition to inheriting wealth, the homes where they live, children inherit the parents high social status, and specialties: the best work, professorships,and positions in law and medicine. But if they inherit such positions  through fair competition there is no problem but through unfair competition and corruption, this angers the young people.

Status patrimony is usually more associated with the conservatives in society but it doesn't matter for it is now pretty much  the same on the right or left. It is more common with those financially better off and the desire to secure a better future for their children with illegality, shortcuts and ethical irregularities.
 
We often hear that the 386 generation (The '386 Generation' is the generation of South Koreans born in the 1960s) are now in the mid to late 50s in age and the generations who live the best since Dangun, the founding father of the Korean nation. Those in their 20s and 30s are the first generation to live a more difficult life than their parents. Difficulties of those in their 20s and 30s can be quickly recognized by the problem of expanding irregular jobs, booming home prices, late marriages, low birth rates and the cost of children's education. The starting line for the young people who have inherited the earthen spoons will be left behind.
 
The late Cardinal Kim Su-hwan said he was more concerned with the peace of life in this world more than the peace of the future, and with the peace in life, not the peace of mind. A famous Buddhist monk had the same thoughts in that we need to work towards a heaven on this  earth with our efforts.
 
It is said that more than 10,000 of our ancestors in the  faith sacrificed their lives from the persecution of 1791 to 1866. Many of the ancestors like Blessed Simon Hwang would have dreamed of a world with equality with no  passing on of social status. Just as the Catholic Church was a light to our ancestors, it is now the time the church needs to speak for the young people in their 20s and 30s and feel their pain and understand their hearts and lead them to a present-day heaven.

Democracy and History

In recent years the conflict between the conservatives and liberals in Korea continues and is deepening. This is also true in other countries but at present in Korea the liberals are in control and recently the appointment of a cabinet minister with apparent problems with family finances and facilitating the entrance of a daughter to a prestigious college without  going through the ordinary channels and with ethically questionable procedures has been top news.  A priest sociologist gives us his opinion on what is happening in the Catholic Times Weekly column, Eyes of the Believer.

He sees the issue as much larger than an individual cabinet minister. This he considers only as a surface pretext for a struggle for power— hegemony, and wants the readers to look deeply into what is happening. Not only the  politicians, but the biased media and the actions of the prosecution requires a deeper reflection and understanding of democracy and historical consciousness.

The first article of the Korean Constitution states: "Korean sovereignty belongs to the people and all power comes from the people." However, the people are made up of different groups with diverse backgrounds, social strata,  religions and professions. We live with each other, pursue dialogue and compromise and are one nation and follow the principle of  majority rule but this is only a formality. A democracy is clearly superior to authoritarianism and oligarchy for it has a system to check for power monopoly but the democratic system is not perfect. People can be deceived by the media, people ignore truth and are often trapped within self interest groups which leads to fights with the other self interest groups in society ignoring the common good.

Historical consciousness is what  gives life to democracy. Modern Korean history has been an intense process that has advanced the movement of  history, pursuing universal human rights and the values of the  common good,  from the democratization movement against military dictatorship to the recent candlelight revolution. The flow of history toward a more just and equitable society, a society where the values ​​of the common good are realized, has become a spirit of the times. True democracy can be realized when all citizens have an awakened sense of history and a sense of mission and are willing to go beyond the collective selfishness of their particular groups, deceiving themselves with arrogance and selfishness and understanding it as freedom and democracy.
 
Both the judiciary and prosecutors need to realize the "historical calling of the candlelight revolution" and reform our present errors. Prosecutorial reforms are a challenge for today. The independence and impartiality of the Judiciary and the Independence  of the prosecutors is necessary to ensure the rule of law and the protection of the human rights of the citizens. A check for prosecutors is urgently needed to establish public accountability in the era of 'national democracy'. Under Japanese colonial rule prosecutors had unlimited power that would have put Jesus, Confucius and Buddha in prison and closed their eyes to problems within their own ranks and this has tended to continue.
  
Journalists must also be watchmen who practice their calling to advance the wheels of history based on truth. Media that intentionally disseminates false articles or produce 'garbage information' from non-factual speculation harms society and makes us sick. Just as academic scholars require institutional approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to avoid harming others, media workers who publish newspapers, broadcasts, and YouTube articles should be open to the same procedures. Ethics of the press needs to be strictly legislated and implemented to comply with the law.

Lawmakers who leave the National Assembly for the streets without complying with the parliamentary democratic process will also have to remember what they are passing down to those who follow and leaving shameful footsteps in history. In addition, politicians who have clung to vested interests or neglected the common good as  descendants of the pro-Japanese, lack a sense of history. "Confused today, thirsty for truth, peace, and justice… History reflects on the past and shows the way forward." (Pope Francis).

Habit of Labeling People

"Right from the beginning, I didn't want to say a word...." With anger in his voice H spit out these words. Someone in the group tells H he is always complaining and it's awkward to hear. In fact, H has a habit of always nagging so as soon as he opens his mouth everybody else shuts up. The religious sister writing in her column in the Peace Weekly on Daily Events wonders how lonely he must be and admits that she also keeps her distance. 

Hearing the words of rebuke, H looked embarrassed. The sister in some attempt at empathy: "You must be very upset." Taking this as a sign of sympathy he went on vigorously with his complaints, making the group more uncomfortable. His words came out in this way: "This is not complaining it's just that I am frustrated and trying to express it by words…" which eventually led to complaints about others.

Unknowingly, the prejudice against him worked also on the  sister, who was not listening anymore. She just kept looking at her watch and hoped he would finally stop. His voice weakened and said, "I'll go now." He got up and in words more gentle in his goodbye than usual, turned to leave muttering on the way out "but it's hard for me to get along with people who provoke me, really." 

"Did I deal with him with respect? Was he able to feel the judgment and prejudices towards him I had?"  

Sister was concerned about the negative feelings towards him which made her feel uncomfortable.

Complaining does that to one. We try to justify what is done, it makes one feel superior. Sometimes feelings of injustice come to mind until they are released. I don't think what I say is complaining. I don't even think about it at all. So I can't hear myself complaining. Maybe it's because it has now become who I am.

As we look into the mind, it's as if a child is complaining. "Why is this here?" "Can't you say that a little more gently?" "The food is salty." Why is it so nosy? "Here he goes again." In our heads, we have these and many more thoughts which like in a child go around and around and at times are sputtered out.

Besides, the tendency is there to label people: 'Chatterbox', 'Blockhead', 'Zombie', 'Useless Person', 'Perfect Teacher'. The moment this happens they enter a small box I make and no longer can I experience the uniqueness and humanity of those with whom I meet and react with.

Yes. I could not see H as he was because of the label I attached to him. His wounds were also subject to judgment. So I wasn't talking to H, I was talking to the label I attached to him.

"There is something I shouldn't think of", concludes the sister. It's a label attached to someone. People labeled Mary Magdalena a 'sinner', but at that moment she was no longer a sinner. The Pharisee considered the publican who prayed in the temple a sinner, but at that moment Jesus recognized him as "righteous".

Every person we meet, who is before me right now, should be like meeting them for the first time. Because this person may not be that person he or she was yesterday. "To live is to change and to be perfect is to have changed often."

A Citizen of a City that Cares

The city of Edmonton, Canada, a few years ago launched a campaign: "Hello, How are you?" A survey made, resulted in 18 percent of the citizens saying that they felt alienated while living in the city— the reason for the campaign. Followed shortly by 'Hello, Let's eat!' and 'bench buddy', let's sit and talk, opportunities to converse with others facilitated by benches spread throughout the city. Various social programs were implemented. As such, urban policy is becoming more and more caring.

Korea is no different. The stairs that come down to the plaza from Cheongnyangni station in Seoul stand out. At the beginning and at the end of the stairway, you can see materials of a different kind and color are used. At the flat landing in the middle of the stairway likewise we have a different design and color. Why so? There is a reason.  The elderly may have poor eyesight, and it is to help them to distinguish the stairs and the flat landing and help prevent falls. 

Guard fences are also installed along the streets to protect pedestrians from cars in the event they leave the street and enter the sidewalk area. Tall adults don't  have a problem but young children with guard fence height may not be visible. When installing the guard fence, care should be taken to ensure that the child standing behind the fence is visible.

If one is observant it is easy to see whether there is caring consideration for all the citizens, in the different  parts of the city. Not only healthy people live in cities. The weak live together with the strong. Some people have difficulty walking, like the elderly, while others are blind or deaf. Color blindness, poor vision, pregnant women, and children walking must remain a concern for those in city government.
 
Urban design should be done with the weak in mind. If only the strong are the concern of planning and design we can't say we are living in the real world. Without concern for the weak, our cities become a jungle; society lacks sensitivity, and the weak become the prey of the strong.
 
Cities where the weak live together is not only left to the heads of government, city officials, experts and organizations. All citizens must examine, work together to fix and bring about change. Let's start by not only thinking of my situation but the situation of others. And to check to see if it's a city where I can live comfortably as an old man not many years from now.

There is a need to take a stroll through the city with your grandfather and grandmother. Take your niece and walk along the street. Then you will know how to design a city. The moment this happens, you're a caring city architect and respected citizen.

Korean SKY Castle Myth

A college professor gives us his thoughts on the worries of many of the young people in Korean society. He begins his article in the Kyeongyang magazine with the TV drama 'SKY Castle', extremely popular among the viewers. It shows the efforts of the upper-class society to get their children admitted to the best universities. It had comedy and satire all mixed into the 20 or so episodes.
 
The portrayal on TV was true to life. Just recently one of those appointed to a high position in government was censured by the public for favoritism in a daughter's selection for college. It remains to be seen what will be the results of the legal process but it has been in the news many weeks. Young people have great difficulty with such news.
 
Children's education, exemptions from military service and the selection of public servants for positions in administration are very sensitive topics. Why should that be the case? Because it shows the possibility of wealth and place in society being passed on to the children of the elite.
Korea very quickly turned into a feudal society. In a slowly growing economy the limited fruits are first delivered to the privileged minority and what is left is divided among the rest. This malaise in society gives rise to discontent.
 
Those born before 1970 came into times with great economic growth and had the opportunity for wealth and prestige in society. The royal road for the minority was education. Those not so privileged would find wealth and position in society beyond their dreams and lamenting a society that closed the door to them.

Those born after the 70s, the numbers going to college increased greatly. In 1990, 33% went on to college, in 2000 the percentage went up to over 80%. They, for the most part, had a specialty. They were creative, globally-minded, and familiar in the search for information. Citizens traveling were not hesitant in dealing with foreigners, knew foreign languages and showed a great deal of confidence in dealing with foreigners, none of the inferiority of the past, they were well versed in democracy and totalitarianism was out of the question.
 
Young people were knowledgeable of the computer and smartphones and couldn't imagine life without them. They were competent in the world of technology. They did not separate work from play and searched for work they could enjoy. Different from the past they did not spend to show off but spent on their needs.
 
They were responsible for the Korean Wave of South Korean entertainment culture that spread throughout the world. They have not, however, been able to do much with the economic area of life. They are competent in many fields, have an inbred attribute for democratic ways, a special desire for making work and play a part in life. They grew up during a period of fierce competition and those that have received special favors will be their targets in the years ahead. They have many skills but they will find it difficult to escape the $650 a month salary which the recent college graduates are expecting to receive. Which was not the expectation of those who made it to college?

Young people will no longer stay on the sidelines watching how wealth and place in society are handed down. As they become the leaders, social change will come. Will they be able to bring about the change they want? Our society is now at the crossroads.

Migrants and Refugees in Korea

In early September of this year, the Uijeongbu Diocese of Korea which has been working with migrants and refugees established a Catholic refugee center. The diocese saw a need for a building for the refugees, a place for them to meet. It was welcomed and a great gift for the refugees. The Refugee Center was a space that supported the study, activities, and counseling of refugees and migrant families. There were 700 refugee applicants from Africa who escaped their homeland because of political and religious oppression. In the Eyes of the Believer column, a priest of Seoul explains to the readers of the Catholic Times the problems that arose.

The Uijeongbu Diocese established the refugee center, the first in the Korean Catholic Church which showed the diocesan interest and concern for refugees. In celebration of the completion of the Refugee Center, the bishop emphasized the love for the refugees in his talk at the dedication.

“We joined the 1992 Convention on Refugees and the Refugee Protocol and Korea enacted the first refugee law in Asia, but we have only 2% of the UN's 35% refugee recognition rate. Externally we appear to be in the ranks of protecting refugees, but in reality, we are doing very little. We have built this structure for the refugees let us fill it with our love."

In this way, the diocese is continuing the interest that began last year with the hope that each parish would take one of the refugee families and care for them.

However, shortly after the refugee center was completed it encountered a major obstacle in its operation.  After the ceremony, they tried to open the operation, but it was canceled and the sign of the refugee center on the outer wall of the building was removed. Some residents lately heard about the operation of the refugee center and protested to city hall to oppose the opening due to noise, security, and the deterioration of the local area. As the controversy grew, the diocese delayed the opening indefinitely. The Uijeongbu Diocese recently met with city officials and residents and said: " They fully understand the concerns and opposition of the residents. The refugee center will not begin operation until they have the agreement of the residents."

It is a shame indeed. It is okay for the Catholic Church to run a migrant pastoral center, but when you change the title to refugee center the discriminating attitude of local residents makes this impossible.

It cannot be denied that “politics of discrimination and exclusion” is working in our country.  Many are the incidents of discrimination, exploitation, and impersonal treatment of the migrant workers who have been in Korea for a long time! "Refugees", are a hot topic presently. They are our neighbors to be embraced like migrant workers because they are now living in Korea. In reality, however, Koreans dislike for refugees is well over the normal. A scholar expresses this situation very appropriately with the following words.

"You can send relief supplies to the African refugees who live far away and sing: You were born to be loved, but if you bring them to our country and let them live with us in our home, the story changes. If they are far away in Africa you can help because they don't threaten us, but the moment they enter the country they are not a target of hospitality, but of hostility.”

The 'other' always poses a problem. The other in me is difficult because it's not controllable. They are refugees inside me. In the Old Testament, beings who appear in the form of others were the gentiles, widows, orphans. They are like the present migrant workers, multicultural families, homeless people, refugees, etc. of this age and those who have been deprived of their rights because of social prejudice and mistreatment. But can we live without others and without neighbors? Jesus answers in the story of the good Samaritan "who is our neighbor?" He presented the Samaritan who heard the groans of the other and with to his side.

Like Jesus, we hope that "the principle of unconditional hospitality" will be applied to all others of this age, resulting in generosity and tolerance rather than disgust and hostility. The writer prays that soon the Uijeongbu Diocese will be able to open the refugee center and the local residents and refugees can coexist together in peace.

Responsible Business Conduct

In Korea, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), has spread to most multinational corporations, as well as to large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises. Climate change has become another trigger for arousing interest in sustainable management. A specialist in development finances in the Diagnosis of Current Affairs column of the Peace Weekly gives her ideas on the subject.

Although CSR is used with different meanings which are confusing it has two main objectives: to mitigate costs and risks and to create new opportunities and values. It's fundamentally about how a company manages its business.

Effective CSR increases corporate transparency and collaboration among those concerned with the ecosystem, (business, government, investors, civil society, employees, and consumers). In the larger picture, it is a matter of leadership to set standards in markets and in society. It's a strategy that goes far beyond the norms of common philanthropy.

In the international community, there is now a 43-year-old OECD which proposes guidelines that serve as a relevant standard. This guideline does not use the term 'CSR', but rather the term "Responsible Business Conduct". When the Working Group Chairman finished a meeting in 2016, people asked him, "Are you the guy who killed CSR?", "CSR committed suicide!" is the answer handed down. It is now Corporate Responsibility.

In the past decades, CR has evolved with two distinct trends. One is about governance. Breaking away from the traditional 'compliance' method of setting rules and standards and reporting results through audits and investigations. Now, instead in a collaborative manner, jointly finding and correcting root causes and applying best practices. It has been changing in a way that promotes the use of capabilities, and shares risks and benefits.

The second is the evolution of capitalism and the expansion of boundaries. The policy in the past was to see society as a battleground for competition. GE, Google, IBM, Nestle, Unilever, and Wal-Mart are beginning to connect the areas of company performance with labor, human rights, and the environment. Four years ago, in an Economist survey, 83% (74% strongly) of the 853 corporate executives around the world said human rights were a problem.

Our writer concludes the article considering the interest in CSR currently spreading in Korea. First of all, CR is not a government-led agenda. It is an agenda for the private sector to lead with repeated innovations based on their capabilities. She hopes that CR will bring about Korean entrepreneurship that can embrace these new ideas in the world markets.