!00th Anniversary of Maryknoll Society's Entry Into Korea

 

The Catholic Peace Weekly published an article on a Symposium on the work of the Maryknoll Society in East Asia in its recent issue.

In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Maryknoll Foreign Mission Society's entry into Korea this year, the Korean Church History Institute held an international symposium on the 14th at the Spirituality Center of the Archdiocese of Seoul with the theme of 'Maryknoll Foreign Mission Society's East Asia Missionary Activities' — a reflection on the meaning of missions in East Asia by the Maryknoll Society.

  

The Maryknoll Society was founded in 1911 in the United States for the purpose of missionary work in Asia and began missionary work in Asia in 1918 after receiving its missionary mandate to China from the Vatican. It entered Korea through Pyongyang in 1923, 100 years ago, and into China before that in 1918 and Japan in 1933.

 

Father James J. Najmowski of the Maryknoll Society said in his keynote lecture: "The reason the Maryknoll Society carried out its first missionary work in China was because of the request for American missionaries by the clergy of various mission societies." At that time, political instability in various regions due to factional fighting in China caused hardships for the poor, and the need for education and medical care arose. Abandoned babies, lepers, peasants, and women needed urgent concern.

 

The Maryknoll Society, which entered Korea in 1923, worked to expand the number of parishioners and to evangelize in the Pyongyang Vicariate. After the Korean War and liberation, it moved from North to South Korea due to the communist rule in North Korea.  

 

After the Korean War, the Maryknoll Society carried out evangelization projects in the southern regions of Korea, in the Diocese of Cheongju and Incheon, and also contributed to the development of social welfare by establishing orphanages, nursing homes, and hospitals. Father Najmowski said: "Missionary activities are a mirror of Christ’s love for people, especially love for the poor. As I look back on the missionary activities practiced by the Maryknoll Society in the Far East and the reason for starting the activities, I realize the missionary mission of Christ." 

 

In addition to the keynote lecture, a professor of Daegu University gave a presentation on the theme of 'The Maryknoll Society's Entry and Adaptation to China', mentioning the duality of the discovery and adaptation of China as a mission field, and the Maryknoll Society's efforts to 'indigenize'. 

 

A senior researcher at the Korean Church History Institute also examined the situation of the Maryknoll Society that entered Korea during the Japanese colonial period with the theme of 'Japanese religious policy and Maryknoll Foreign Mission Society’s advancement into Korea'. "In the 1920s, the Korean Church sought the expansion of the Maryknoll Society into Korea in response to the expansion of Protestant churches, the impact of World War I, and Japan’s Protestant-oriented religious policy after the March 1st Movement. In 1923, the Maryknoll Society was able to enter Korea."

 

A Japanese professor at Nagasaki University of Foreign Studies revealed the interrelationship between the Maryknoll Society’s expansion into Japan and Korea in his presentation 'Kyoto District Establishment and Its Significance'.

 

In his congratulatory address, Father James M. Lynch, Vicar General of the Maryknoll Society, said: "In all our missionary activities, including East Asia, we have tried to witness to the true nature of the church’s mission. In particular, the Maryknoll Society has been enriched by the faith of Koreans. We were invited into the joys, hopes, sorrows, and pains of the Korean people, and witnessed the light of Korean faith that enriched the universal church. Thank you for your faith, virtue, and charity.”

 

In his welcoming address, Bishop Son, Chairman of the Korean Church History Institute, said: "This is an academic symposium that looks at the evangelization activities carried out by Maryknoll missionaries in Asia from a larger perspective." He looked back on the passion and efforts of the Maryknoll Society for a century and prayed for evangelization in a new era. 

Growth in Faith

A professor at a Catholic University in his column in the Catholic Peace Weekly discusses the process that we experience in our growth in faith.

In Jesus' parable, there is a story of two sons who were commanded by their father to work in the vineyard (see Matthew 21:28-32). The older son initially responded: 'I don't want to do it,' but later changed his mind and went to work, while the other son said he would go and didn't go. In the end, it was the eldest son who carried out his father's will. When you hear this story, you may think of ‘turning your life around’ or ‘turning things around at the last minute,’ but it is actually a story about faith and obedience to the Father’s will.

Like the father in the parable, God never forces himself on his children. He seeks and asks and expects you to answer for yourself. He waits for you to understand and follow His will. This is God's method of education.

Faith is voluntary obedience. It may seem contradictory at first, but through experience, one realizes that true obedience in faith can only be voluntary. This is similar to the process of a child growing up and becoming an adult. When you are young, you do whatever your parents tell you, regardless of your will. Your parents' world becomes your world, and your parents' thoughts become your thoughts. However, as children grow up, they become ready to take responsibility for their own lives—dream of the future, prepare for a career, and learn to do on their own what needs to be done.  

In this process, the child becomes conscious of his own thoughts and will and begins to challenge themselves, rather than challenge, the authority of his parents or teachers. Through this difficult, but necessary, period for both parties, the children become adults who take responsibility for their own life. And as they live their lives they go through various trials and make mistakes. In particular, they go through what their parents went through and recognize that their parents' thoughts and will were right. In the end, they voluntarily obey their parents.

The same goes for faith. When young, you held your parents' hand and went to church, but as you grow older, you may feel that faith is a shackle that makes you uncomfortable and unfree in many ways. There are times when your body and mind become distant from the church. However, as we are being tossed around by the winds of the world, we eventually return to the Father, realizing that God's Word and the Church's teachings are right, and that the only ones who believe in me and wait for me are God and the Church.

This is very important to understand the path of faith you are walking and to raise your children in faith. At some point, when your child asks about faith and expresses dissatisfaction, you need to view it as an opportunity rather than a crisis. This is because it is a process of moving from passive faith following the authority of parents to voluntary faith on one's own. We also need to acknowledge that we have walked that path, and we need to understand and sympathize with what our children experience as a process of growing into believers.

The important thing is not to persuade with a perfect argument (that's not what your child wants), but to talk openly and honestly with each other and maintain a trusting relationship. Here, sharing parents' experiences about faith and life is very important. Children will be able to continue to find what is good and right on their own through conversations with their parents who listen to their stories and share their life stories honestly.

The God we meet through this process is not someone trapped in doctrine or the Bible, but someone who lives in our lives. He wants his children to be joyful and happy, filled with mercy, justice, becoming freer and experiencing more of his love. You discover that we are walking this beautiful and joyful path of faith.

​

Difficulties of Migrants

 

The Catholic Peace Weekly  in its Religious Platform column asks the question why do they use Korean to explain the English Exam? The columnist is the  Diocesan Director of Migrant Pastoral Care Center.

The columnist unexpectedly became a Jeju resident 10 years ago. Life on Jeju Island is still good, where you don't have to run to avoid missing the subway. It's still possible to live without the need to rush. For the first 2-3 years, if a friend came from Seoul, he could easily go there after work and have dinner even if it was far away, but now he can't. This is because he has become a 'Jeju Islander' who considers 'movements longer than 30 minutes' needing a special itinerary.

Jeju residents have sincerely welcomed the construction of a '15-minute Jeju city', which is a key pledge of the new provincial governor. [An urban planning concept in which most daily necessities and services, such as work, shopping, education, healthcare, and leisure can be easily reached by a 15-minute walk, bike ride, or public transit ride from any point in the city. This approach aims to reduce car dependency, promote healthy and sustainable living, and improve well being and quality of life for city dwellers]

The real Jeju language, although Korean, is more difficult than foreign languages. Even though it has been 10 years since he moved here, he still only knows a few words. Even though he is  confident that his listening skills have improved a lot, he feels a sense of shame  when he listens to the grandmothers' stories. He is aware that it takes a considerable amount of time and effort to become familiar with a new language.

He works at the Naomi Center, affiliated with the Catholic Diocese of Jeju’s Migrant Pastoral Committee. It is a place that helps foreigners, such as immigrants and refugees. It offers an English Mass every week, a Mass in Vietnamese and Timor-Leste every month, and a Mass in Filipino every other month. Free medical treatment in internal medicine and obstetrics and gynecology is also provided. And for foreigners who are not eligible for health insurance, they have introduced the Foreign Medical Mutual Aid Association through business agreements with 21 hospitals, including Jeju National University Hospital, to support the immigrants and refugees.

The study room within the center is attended by 'children with migrant backgrounds' who have lived in various countries such as Yemen, Sudan, India, and Vietnam. The children’s thoughts and actions are as varied as the countries are diverse, so it is always new and interesting.  

The common language in the study room is, of course, Korean, and the common menu(?) is chicken. Unlike beef or pork, there is no country or religion that taboos chicken. If there is a new menu item that is added over time, it is a 'Spicy Cup of Noodle Soup'. Children eat food from their country of origin at home, eat Korean food outside, and grow up to be 'multicultural' children who know how to enjoy food from various countries.

One day, a 5th grade elementary school student from India, who is not yet good at Korean, complained and said, "I took the English test today and I got three questions wrong!" When the study room guidance teacher expressed regret that an Indian whose main language was English got three questions wrong on the English test, she complained while the child rolled his eyes. "Why are we taking the English test in Korean? I got three questions wrong because I couldn't understand the questions written in Korean." The columnist who was next to him, said: "I’m taking the test in Korean because I’m Korean~", but he thought there was some truth to what the child said. He was able to think again about the English test system in which Koreans get better scores than native English speakers.

When he was young, he remembers being scolded by adults because he couldn't use chopsticks properly. Nowadays, if a child cannot use chopsticks, instead of scolding him, we give him a fork.  Western cooking utensils are used to eat Korean food. Just as the newly changed Korean food culture is no longer unfamiliar with Western food culture, we look forward to an educational environment where foreign students can live together in harmony.

 

Ecumenical Ecological Mission in Gangwon Province Korea

 

In the Catholic Peace Weekly, we have a report of the meeting in the Gangwon Province on Sept 26th of the Special Governing Province Religious Peace Council which held its 33rd regular meeting at the Buddhist Temple and announced its declaration to respond to the climate crisis.

They decided the role each religious denomination would play in preserving the province's ecological environment. In addition, Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province, newly launched in June, urged the province to respond to the climate crisis.

 

The Gangwon Religious Peace Council, which consists of the six major religious denominations in Gangwon-do, Catholicism, Protestantism, and Buddhism made public their declaration issued by leaders of each religious 

denomination at the 33rd regular meeting on this day. 

 

"Each religious denomination is committed to ecological education and practice, and to create a community without marginalized neighbors." "We declare that we will work together in overcoming the era of crisis 

caused by climate change by striving for cooperation and peace and in practical efforts." At the same time, they emphasized the role of the province, saying: "In this era of crisis due to climate change, Gangwon 

Special Self-Governing Province, which has been granted the capacity for autonomous decentralization and regional-led development must protect 

life and the environment in line with the trends of the times."

 

Religious leaders said: "Our thoughts and actions have a huge impact not only on the human community but also on the Earth’s ecosystem." "The crisis we face is not just a fragmented environmental or social problem, but a very serious crisis in which the threads are so tangled that we cannot find the knot." "We are facing a complex crisis." "It is no longer a matter of choice to overcome the era of the crisis caused by climate change and implement policies for the marginalized and poor."

 

Religious leaders requested the protection of ecological assets, policies for local communities and residents, and the role of the province in protecting peace. The different religious leaders said: "Gangwon-do is aiming for reasonable system improvement due to regulations imposed for national security reasons and sluggish investment in social infrastructure, but if the elimination of regulations and the realization of balanced development are prioritized for the sake of the economy, convenience, tourism, etc., serious problems will arise." "It will lead to imbalance," they warned.

 

 "The fundamentals of deregulation and balanced development must focus on protecting and specializing the province’s ecological assets", they said. "Having a rich nature and environment means that there is much to protect, so responsible choices and decisions are needed." 

 

Bishop Kim (Director of the Diocese of Chuncheon), the representative chairman of the council, said: "Today’s declaration is not just words, it must be followed by action," and suggested: "It would be good if each 

religious denomination devises and announces specific measures to be implemented at the next meeting."  

 

Bishop Kim also said: "I think we can find the direction from the teaching of each religious denomination. The Catholic aims for a poor church and frugality. Each religious tradition also emphasizes frugality and hopes 

everyone will keep this in mind and make efforts in each of their respective positions to make this clear. 

 

​

Forgiveness and Reconciliation

 

In the Catholic Times, the director of a Theological Research Institute gives us some thoughts on the military situation in Korea.

During holidays, she gathers with her friends, seniors, and juniors, who were active at the church when she was young, goes to Mass, eats together, and shares stories. Since they were friends who got married and had children around the same time, the main topic of this Harvest Festival Holiday meeting was the story of their sons who will soon be enlisting in the military or who are currently serving in the military. It seems like it was just yesterday that she was sending letters of consolation to soldiers when she was a student and now that she has a ‘soldier son’, they talked about the military for a long time, realizing how old they were.

 

A friend whose son entered the military last spring said these days, soldiers can use their cell phones during their free time, to send letters through the military communication service application, and the soldier's salary has also increased significantly, the welfare of soldiers has improved a lot, it was now possible to put aside a sum of money. 

 

Her friend encouraged her son to go to Sunday Mass when he goes to the military, and he said he would. At the training camp, he attended Mass as promised, but only two of the soldiers were Catholics, there was no church in the unit where he was assigned, so he did not go to Mass. She got a glimpse into the reality of military chaplaincy even so briefly.

 

The military story of her friend ended in his son's heartbreaking experience when he was injured in training and was hospitalized for over a month. At that time, the fatal accident of a corporal of the Marine Corps made the news. [Marine died during search and rescue operations for victims of torrential rains earlier that week] Hearing this news he rushed to the unit and it was then he heard the news of his own son's accident and hospital stay. The son did not notify the family not wanting to cause them worry and only told the father the news after his son was discharged from the hospital and returned to the unit. 

 

Her friend said that he realized how much it meant to be ‘discharged at full service as a sergeant’, which is given to those who have completed their military service safely. He asked us to pray that the son would safely complete the remaining period of his service. 

 

In the past, it was taken for granted that a man should serve in the military but after hearing these stories, she felt sorry for the situation of men in their 20s who were born in this divided land and have to bear the heavy duty of national defense.

 

This year, the Armed Forces Day event featured a street parade with large-scale troops and weapons equipment mobilized. It is said that this is the first street march held in 10 years in response to North Korea's military provocations. A budget of 10 billion won was invested. Rather than feeling proud of our military power and weapons, people thought: 'This is a scene we have often seen in North Korea.' 'But' was the first thought that came to many minds. She doesn't know why a country that already spends more on its military than North Korea's gross domestic product (GDP) would make such a show, with the international situation surrounding the Korean Peninsula in such an unusual condition. She feels uncomfortable because it feels like we can go to war at any time. 

 

Even before the Armed Forces Day event, flight training took place over downtown Seoul for a few days, and even though she received a notification text message from the city of Seoul and knew that this was a training situation, the sound of combat planes flying low in the middle of the city made her feel scared. It is obvious that as military tensions rise, the military life of soldiers will become more difficult, and if war breaks out, the lives of our sons on the front lines will be the first to be endangered.

 

The motto for this Armed Forces Day event was 'Peace through Strength'. The teachings of the Catholic Church state that peace through force only encourages the arms race.  "The accumulation of arms strikes many as a paradoxically suitable way of deterring potential adversaries from war. They see it as the most effective means of ensuring peace among nations. This method of deterrence gives rise to strong moral reservations. The arms race does not ensure peace. Far from eliminating the causes of war, it risks aggravating them. Spending enormous sums to produce ever new types of weapons impedes efforts to aid needy populations; it thwarts the development of people. Over armament  multiplies reasons for conflict and increases the danger of escalation (Catechism of the Catholic Church, Article 2315).

 

Even though people around the world believe that strong military power can bring peace, we believers who follow the Catholic Church’s teachings on peace must remember that "true peace is only possible through forgiveness and reconciliation" (Summary Social Doctrine, Paragraph 517). 

 

Drug Rehabilitation Centers In S. Korea

 

A Professor in the Social Welfare and Addiction Department, of  a Catholic University of Korea gives us the work done for those who are addicted to drugs of one kind or another.

Korea is a  high stress society and the government has acknowledged the problems and is working in the area of crime and punishment but the mental health and rehabilitation centers are still few. 

On July 20, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) began operating the Addiction Rehabilitation Center in Daejeon. Addiction rehabilitation centers provide counseling and rehabilitation programs to drug addicts and provide mandatory education that drug offenders must receive. There were two government-run addiction rehabilitation centers in Seoul and Busan, but the number increased to three with the opening of the Daejeon Center.

 

In particular, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety announced that it will operate the Daejeon area center 'customized for youth'. In a reality where the number of youth drug offenders is increasing recently, the opening Daejeon  area center deserves positive evaluation.

 

Some adolescents have substance use problems severe enough to require therapeutic intervention. Therefore, since most adolescents can be seen as having the potential to have problems, intervention with preventive rather than therapeutic goals is more appropriate for adolescents. In addition, youth use of technology, tobacco, and drugs is highly likely to lead to substance use disorders in adulthood, and the earlier the age at which substance use begins, the more likely the problem will become. Therefore, it is important to prevent youth from engaging in alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. In addition, intervention for youth who already have problems the money spent and effectiveness have not been efficient.

 

Domestic education sites also recognize the importance of prevention and provide prevention education to students. According to the status of education on prevention of drug misuse and abuse, including narcotics, over the past three years, almost all elementary, middle, and high schools are providing education on prevention of drug abuse. Between 2019 and 2021, an average of 98-99% of schools provided prevention education to students.

 

However, even though almost all adolescents receive education to prevent drug misuse, adolescent use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs is increasing. According to the 2022 Youth Health Behavior Survey, youth's current e-cigarette use rate (proportion of people who used e-cigarettes on more than 1 day in the past 30 days) and current drinking rate increased compared to 2021. Also, according to the Supreme Prosecutors' Office, the number of teenage drug offenders increased four-fold in five years from 119 in 2017 to 481 in 2022.

 

Even though the youth prevention education completion rate is close to 100%, the rate of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use is increasing, suggesting the need for diagnosis and improvement in prevention education.  

 

The current drug abuse prevention education time is only 10 hours. School-based prevention education is known to be more effective when it consists of at least 15 sessions. In addition, current prevention education is biased toward using videos to inform people about the negative consequences of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. This is a traditional prevention model, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention education based on this model is very negative. In other words, overall improvements are needed in the operation period, operation method, and content of preventive education.  

 

The Life Skills Training program is a representative youth drug misuse prevention program. The operation period of this program is 3 years, and it is a program operated in a manner based on the interaction between students and program facilitators (e.g. teachers), and several studies have proven its effectiveness.

 

The best place for these programs are the schools. We hope that schools will create an environment in which prevention education can be provided to students in an effective manner and for a sufficient period of time, and that the Ministry of Education and related organizations will actively invest in the development and evaluation of highly effective youth drug misuse prevention education programs. 

 

Discrimination Is Not Allowed

 

The Peace columnist  in the Catholic Peace Weekly describes the problems of immigrants seen as an immigrant professor in an American University.

Her legal status is a migrant worker. Until she received permanent residency a few years ago, she  had to worry about immigration documents. This is because if you cannot maintain your visa, you could become an ‘unregistered resident’ at any time. Some people would have called her an ‘illegal immigrant.’ After obtaining the documents, she was free from the threat of crackdowns and deportation. However, many people she knows miss deadlines and opportunities, and without the  documents, become ‘illegal’, and endure discrimination. Their stories are rarely heard. This is because "the farther away a being is from power, the less it is talked about."

 

Because of this situation, we pay close attention to the images of immigrants represented in Korean media. The 'Gukppong' concept, (국뽕) is a Korean satirical phrase meaning "intoxicated with nationalism". As a result of extreme nationalism, it becomes negative for others

when it promotes national pride through the experiences of foreigners classified as elites and experts living in Korea. 

 

Asian immigrants do not appear in these programs. They are represented as murderers, agents of violent organizations, human trafficking brokers, servile service workers, kind but ignorant people who do not know their rights, irresponsible and lying women in international marriages, and female victims who are always in need of help. Moreover, their appearances follow a set formula. Either get completely beaten by the main character and be discarded like rags, or be forgiven by the generous indigenous people, repent, realize who you are, and live on. Unable to accept this  perspective of the indigenous people, she gets upset and changes the channel.

 

It was five years ago that the United Nations Committee on Racial Discrimination expressed concern that the racial discrimination situation in Korea was already serious and could lead to a national crisis. However, Korean society does not yet recognize discrimination against refugees and immigrants as racial discrimination. Racism in Korea takes the form of a racial hierarchy that looks down on people of color while viewing white people as superior. Its roots are racism, mental colonization, and internalized Orientalism stemming from modern and contemporary colonial history and the Korean War. The mechanism that encourages and justifies that discrimination is the law. Since most immigrants of color believe they are  in the country, without following legal procedures, it's only natural to be discriminated against. Discrimination is most dangerous when it feels natural.

 

No immigrant wants to become an undocumented resident. The reason they are unable to register is not because they are involved in crime, as the media portrays, but because of institutional racism that leads to unequal administration. Under current law, migrant workers cannot change workplaces unless the employer is at fault. In other words, you cannot change your workplace without the consent of the company. Even if  permission is obtained, movement is only possible within the same industry and within a certain area. They leave the workplace to survive and thus become ‘illegal’.

 

Moreover, if a child is born as an unregistered resident, the child is also placed in a blind spot of basic rights and legal protection. The government has expanded the scope for granting status of residence from 2022 to guarantee the right to education of undocumented migrant children, but migrant families are having difficulty applying due to various barriers such as access to information and language. In addition, apart from improving children's rights, unregistered parents are subject to departure from the country. Racism in Korea is stratified by class and is passed down from generation to generation. Discrimination centered on race has become class stratified and is being passed down to the next generation.

 

 "In terms of basic human rights, all forms of discrimination, whether social or cultural, or based on gender, race, skin color, social status, language, or religion, are contrary to the will of God and must be overcome and eliminated." This is the teaching of the church as specified in the Catechism. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1935) 

 

There is no person in the world who deserves to be discriminated against. The gospel leaves no room for compromise on the need to love unconditionally. Opposing discrimination is not simply about showing mercy. It means acknowledging the minimum share that should be given to everyone, sometimes giving up one's own share, and even reclaiming the share of those who do not even know they should be given it. All humans have the right to be respected for the sole reason of life. Because God is breathing through that life.