Question number four: The Church criticizes the government's policies, and doesn't raise its voice against the human right abuses and nuclear plans of the North. Are we not making it easy to misunderstand the Church as 'followers of the North'?
We have to understand what is meant by 'follower of the North'. They used to call us 'Reds' but that is no longer workable so the word has evolved to a 'follower of the North'. A word that has become popular.
Sin and wounds are what prevents individuals and communities from receiving the graces of God. We are freed from sin by repentance and wounds need healing. When, however, to achieve one's goal one makes the wounds of the other greater, we are acting contrary to the God of healing.
Korea was wounded greatly with the Korean War. To heal the wound needs a great deal of effort, time and the grace of God. The governments of the North and South have to work together to heal the wounds. Are not the governments actually using their power to increase the wounds of division? The use of 'follower of the North' is causing the wound to throb.
If not a follower why the silence about human rights abuses and the working on nuclear armaments in the North? A segment of the mass media dislikes the position of religion and uses the word 'follower of the North'.
The professor uses an example to make his point clear. In a class room there are students that are harassed. The class president does not pay attention and one of the students brings it to the president's attention and wants something done. All would
see this as a good. However, those harassed, point their finger to the neighboring class room: "Why are you only concerned about us the neighboring class has more problems them we have?" What are we to make of that? Because it is another room doesn't mean that it has no relation with us; we should not use the other room to dilute what we should be doing. Why silent about human rights in the North? Those speaking in this way are they really concerned about the human rights issues of those in the North and is it coming from a love of these people?
Human rights in the North and nuclear experiments are a serous problem but our problems in the South should not be of secondary interest or of less importance. We are dealing with a closed society and there is a limit to what we can do.One of our government's policies, is working to have the North open their doors and this should be a continuing work of all the international communities.
Question number three: When
you have a difference of opinion on social issues, and a portion of the
citizens criticizes the Church for being followers of the North and leftist, is it
not better to be neutral?
The
professor says the word neutral has a naturally good meaning. However,
it is not a word we use when we are concerned with right and wrong. When
we are neutral in the face of good and evil, we are saying evil is OK.
When it is a question of justice and injustice neutrality is tolerating
injustice. We are not living according to the Gospel.
There
is a need for all of us to be acquainted with the Social Gospel of the
Church to deal with the problems that we have in society. The Social
Gospel is concerned with politics, economics, human rights, labor,
peace, environment, human life issues as seen in the light of the
Gospel. This is not something we can believe or not believe; it is not a
matter of choice but an obligation. "In so far as it is part of the
Church's moral teaching, the Church's social doctrine has the same
dignity and authority as her moral teaching. It is authentic
magisterium, which obligates the faithful to adhere to it" (Compendium
of the Social Doctrine of the Church #80).
Pope
Francis mentions in the Joy of the Gospel the importance of the Social
Message. "This Exhortation is not a social document and for reflection
on those different themes we have a most suitable tool in the
Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, whose use and study I
heartily recommend " Joy of the Gospel # 184). The Compendium of the
Social Doctrine of the Church was published in 2004 and is composed of
teachings from the encyclical and Church Documents from the time of Leo
XIII.
Pope
John Paul II gave the work of compiling the Compendium to the Vietnamese
Cardinal Nguyễn Văn Thuận who spent 13 years in prison under the
Communists. He died in 2002 and will be beatified shortly. His successor
was Cardinal Renato Martino, who finished the Compendium.
The current
state of affairs and the way the Church views them and the actions taken are based on the teachings found in the
Compendium. Many Catholics are not familiar with the teachings of the
Church on these issues, and label those who are following the teachings
as pro-North and leftist. If they are going to use these labels, they
will have to include the popes and the whole of Catholicism.
The second question: In our Catholic Catechism we are told that pastoral workers should not be involved in politics. Is this not the realm of the lay person? Number 2442 of the Catechism: "It is not the role of the Pastors of the Church to intervene directly in
the political structuring and organization of social life. This task is part of
the vocation of the lay faithful, acting on their own initiative with their
fellow citizens. Social action can assume various concrete forms. It should
always have the common good in view and be in conformity with the message of the
Gospel and the teaching of the Church. It is the role of the laity to animate
temporal realities with Christian commitment, by which they show that they are
witnesses and agents of peace and justice."
This paragraph does not prohibit the speaking about political matters but that the realm of politics is the mission of the lay person. The paragraph is often used wrongly. Public office, party politics or taking a leading role in labor unions is what is being noted as not the work of pastoral workers, but the work of the laity.
Canon law 285 # 3: Clerics are forbidden to assume public offices, which entail a participation in the exercise of civil power. This is prohibiting the clerics from participation in political activity, although permission may be given. Expression of one's opinions is not prohibited. In this area, there is no difference from the rights of the lay person. "It is only right that at all times and in all places, the Church should have true freedom to preach the faith, to teach her social doctrine, to exercise her role freely among men, and also to pass moral judgment in those matters which regard public order when the fundamental rights of a person or the salvation of souls require it. In this, she should make use of all the means—but only those—which accord with the Gospel and which correspond to the general good according to the diversity of times and circumstances" (Pastoral Constitution #76).
In the Joy of the Gospel we hear: "Consequently, no one can demand that religion should be relegated to the inner sanctum of personal life, without influence on societal and national life, without concern for the soundness of civil institutions, without a right to offer an opinion on events affecting society... An authentic faith – which is never comfortable or completely personal – always involves a deep desire to change the world, to transmit values, to leave this earth somehow better that we found it. We love this magnificent planet on which God has put us, and we love the human family which dwells here, with all its tragedies and struggles, its hopes and aspirations, its strengths and weaknesses. The earth is our common home, and all of us are brothers and sisters. If indeed 'the just ordering of society and of the state is a central responsibility of politics', the Church 'cannot and must not remain on the sidelines in the fight for justice' All Christians, their pastors included, are called to show concern for the building of a better world." (#183)
Separation of Church and State is understood in Korea, but many have problems with the meaning. Not only in society but within the Church, we have a serious difference of opinion. No need to agree with what Catholics say or do but to deny religion a place in the public square is not the correct response.
A series of articles in Bible & Life treats the issue with 11 questions and answers on the place of the Church in our present society. A seminary professor has examined the objections he has found in the press and has given answer. The next blogs will treat the other questions.
The first question: Since by law we have separation of Church and State is there not a need to separate the Church and the World? If this is true is it not wrong to get involved in political issues? Separation of Church and State does not mean they have nothing to do with one another but that there is not to be collusion. If we look at the opposite of the statement, we have some clarity. Unity of Church and State is obviously what the separation wants to avoid.
In the Korean Constitution, all citizens enjoy the freedom of religion, and no state religion may be recognized. Church and State are to be separated. Some feel there should be no relationship between the two. The original understanding was to have a healthy tension between the two. Example: If one religion by their convictions were to inflict injury on another religion or damage their buildings, the State has to stop this. On the other hand, if the State was doing something against the peace and happiness of the citizens and not working for the common good, it would not be proper for religions to be silent or give consent to the actions.
During the Japanese occupation of Korea some of the leaders in the Korean Catholic Church, embarrassingly, understood the meaning of separation of Church and State to be against resistance to Japanese rule and didn't join actively in the March First Independence Movement. In the vortex of the times, Ahn Jung-geun (Thomas) with a Gospel understanding was a part of the independence movement. Shooting Horibundo Ito was for patriot Ahn a religious act.
Either, one understands the actions of Ahn the way the Japanese Government would see it or the way Patriot Ahn saw it. Which side would you choose?
The Catholic media will be filled with reminiscences of Pope Francis' visit to Korea and its meaning for the Korean Church for years to come. Our own Maryknoll family here in Korea had the opportunity to meet the pope and shake his hand. The emotional content will remain for years.
One journalist writing in the Catholic Times mentions during the five days of the pope's visit the word most often heard was 'envy', for as long as he can remember there was never an occasion for him where this mood of 'good envy' was present. From the time of the pope's arrival to the Mass of reconciliation on the day of departure--when distant 30 meters, when close less than one meter--close enough to hear him breathing was the good fortune of many.
During the five days, the journalist was following the pope he mentions the many times he was overcome with emotion. At the times the pope was reacting with different people, many were experiencing what the journalist experienced. Tears came to his eyes not infrequently.
Not only Korea but in other parts of Asia, many were feeling the distress of the pope in many of his encounters. What made for this enthusiasm? The journalist feels for him, using one word, the authenticity which he saw.
Poverty is a word that comes easy to mind, not something easily lived. Humility is easy to talk about, but also difficult to have it become part of who we are. Before he became pope, Francis was living this kind of life, and many people were moved by the encounter.
During difficult times when we remember the happiness of the past, we are given strength to overcome our problems. The visit of the pope to Korea will have different meanings for all of us, and it will depend on the way we remember the visit in the future that will influence our lives.
The two main reasons for the visit were the
attendance at the Asian Youth Meeting, to encourage the young people,
and the second, the beatification of 124 martyrs. The beatification
went back to the past to give life to the present and future.
At
the Asia Youth Meeting, the pope gave the youth hope, dreams and
encouraged them to look ahead to joy, not fear, and put the wisdom of
their faith in all the facets of their lives. He challenged them to be
witness to Jesus, and be his disciples.
He urged the
Christians to go to the peripheries to meet those who were hurting. In
the sermon for the beatification, he wanted us to go back to the dawning
of Christianity in Korea, and have the heart of those first Christians,
and their joy. The professor stresses that the first Christians did not
separate the love of God and neighbor as our society so easily does
today. The pope asked all of those with good will to remember we have
been called to work for a just, free and reconciling society.
In
the visit to Korea, the pope was kept busy and left behind many messages for the
country and the Church. He wanted the clergy to avoid clericalism; the
religious to be conscious of poverty and the practice of love. He asked
all the Christians to have concern for the poor, and be in solidarity
with them. He encouraged all of us to have an optimistic hope for the
future, and give ourselves to the works of love, justice and peace.
It
may be that Korean society was hoping the pope would help solve some
of their problems, but he asked us to take care of the poor, and the
marginalized.
He did not come to Korea to solve problems but to
commiserate and advise. He applauded those who were doing something to
benefit society and left Korea with suggestions that will help us grow
to a more mature Catholicism with a blueprint for the future.
Korea is now a first world country; little difference from other countries enjoying material prosperity. A professor writing in the diocesan bulletin continues his discussion with obstacles to communication, and this time it is the black and white thinking: either-or fallacy-- all or nothing. With material prosperity we seem to be prone for this either-or outlook.
In society we have: the conservative progressive divide, right and left, the government in power and those wanting the power, the young and old, city and country, the polarization is becoming more serious. The country is divided into camps of black and white thinking.
Logic makes clear that we are dealing with contradictory positions. There is no middle way. The black denies the white and the white the black. Right or wrong, good or bad they are against. Both positions are not able to exist together-- one has to overcome the other.This kind of thinking does not allow for co-existence but confrontation and conflict.
In the past when the left confronted the right and the right the left, we talked about the center. Those in the center disliked both positions. Black and white thinkers saw the center as opportunists without a position.They were not accepted by either group-- objects of scorn and ridicule. When two whales are fighting the squid in between gets squashed. While the fight continues both are hurt as is the society in which they live.
This black and white position does not allow for dialogue and prevents dialogue from happening. Each group is wedded to what they agree, and will not open the door to understanding something new. The idea that communication has to do with what is similar and what is different is a premise for communication which has little value to these two antagonists, and the reason for using force and violence. This is the reason we have violence in the family, school, society, work place, in politics and religion.
A bird needs both the left and right wing to fly. When one of the wings is out of commission the bird can't fly. But even with the two wings the bird can't fly for it is the body that gives the wings the motor power necessary. The wings have to be attached to the body to fly; with two equal wings we have harmony and balance.The wings with harmony and balance are able to carry the bird to where it wants to go. A conflict between the wings brings disaster.
What is necessary to overcome this black and white thinking is to allow this middle area to have some different in-put. When the black and white join together we have all kinds of different colors that enter into the mix, making for harmony and balance. We have communication and co-existence. We have a healthy society.
