Facts Should Speak for Themselves

Determining what is a fact is difficult. The truth, some say, is made up of facts,  but, as we know so well, what is considered a fact by some is not necessarily seen as such by others. Those who affirm or deny something being a fact usually want their understanding to be seen as the truth. The very different positions of the pro-life and pro-choice people is a good example of what is meant.

For a Christian, the number of those affirming or denying any fact means very little, and even knowing the facts does not necessarily mean we will be led to the truth. This has been abundantly illustrated by the issue of abortion which, after being largely ignored in the past, is now becoming a heated issue in Korea. The low birth rate makes the issue a vital one for the nation.

Both Catholic papers had articles on the recent international meeting of women doctors in Korea, and how these doctors brought their agenda to the whole world because of their refusal to let a pro-life group speak to them. The Medical Women's International Association (MWIA)  invited a group of experts to speak to the women doctors. Three women doctors who belong to the American Pro-life  Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were to give a lecture on pregnancy and abortion, which touched on death, premature babies, disabilities and the mental health of the mother. The invitation was made by the Korean hosts, members of the MWIA, who had no difficulty with hearing the medical facts associated with abortion on the health of mothers. The pro-choice faction arbitrarily canceled the lecture. The president of the MWIA “regrets that the MWIA invited presenters would deny women their basic right to choice.” These were the words that led to the cancellation of the talks that had been planned months in advance.
  

Even though they were denied the chance to talk to the group of women doctors, the head of the pro-life group in Korea  arranged for them to give a panel talk on television during the time they would have given their presentation before the women doctors. The secretary-general of the women doctors, hearing about the TV interview, entered the room where the panel was speaking and broke up the meeting, putting her hand over the video camera recording the presentation. This embarrassing incident made the international news.

The health effects of abortion on the health of the mother, for a pro-life person, has nothing to do with the morality of abortion. However, in the present debate between the two contending parties, the issue of health to the mother is often used by pro-life advocates to persuade those who need help in taking a position. However, the scheduled lecture, which had been canceled, seemed to ignore the fact that the pro-life doctors were specialists in their field and that their intention was solely to present an academic and scientific assessment of the possible health risks of abortions. Another expert attending the doctors' meeting, a professor at the Catholic Sacred Heart Medical School in Rome, said that it was a case where the pro-choice doctors feared meeting the pro-life doctors. Soon after this incident, the Korean doctor who was the chair person for the public relations committee resigned, saying she could no longer work with them.

The truth that many hold dearly is one thing, but when we are dealing with scientific, empirical and sociological facts, it would be refreshing to rid ourselves of the baggage that prevents us from acknowledging what is plainly before us. Instead of allowing the facts to speak for themselves we, unfortunately, often fear to face the facts.

For Whom the Bell Tolls

A distinguished family from England went to Scotland for a vacation, so the story goes. While in Scotland, the child in the family went swimming and would have drowned if another young person didn't go into the water to save him. Alexander Fleming was the young person who saved the other young person from drowning; that young person was Winston Churchill. In gratitude, Churchill's family helped Fleming go on to college, and later became the noted scientist who discovered penicillin. As the story goes, on a trip to Africa, Churchill came down with pneumonia, and was saved again by Fleming--this time by being treated by his remarkable antibiotic drug.  Churchill, as we all know, became  the Prime Minister of war-torn England.

It's a beautiful story of friendship and gratitude, but it never happened, according to those who know the lives of these two historical figures. What is  sadder, says the columnist writing for the Peace Weekly, because of the society we live in today the chances of it happening, really happening, would be extremely rare.  
 
He recounts a story of five young persons attending a camp, who died recently in a water accident. One of the boys did manage to save himself, but when he saw his friends struggling, he attempted to rescue them and lost his own life. Are we being taught in our family's, the columnist asks, not to be afraid to risk our life for others? Or are we being taught, consciously or unconsciously to take care of ourselves at all costs?

According to the German philosopher Kant, a person should unconditionally follow what he called the categorical imperative. "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." He did not want us to be subjected to external controls and impositions, but by the law that God has put into our intellects, which we are able to discover and act on freely. He reminded us that we are beings of noble character.

The columnist says there has been much controversy about what Kant meant, what he said and didn't say, but the professor unconditionally and universally sees the preciousness of life in Kant's idealistic moral stand, and reads into it the love of Jesus. When we consider persons not as means to an end but as ends themselves, and the life of another as a part of our own life, we become human beings and Christians.
He refers to a poem by John Donne, a 17th century English poet and Anglican priest, titled "No Man Is An Island."

No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as any manner of thy friends or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.

"For Whom the Bell Tolls," the title of a book by Hemingway and a movie, tells the story of a wounded soldier who did not want to hold back his friends so he sent them on their way to life, and he, to face certain death. He was himself willing to give his life for what he believed. This is not suicide, the columnist says, but shows our belief in the immortality of life. Yet today, there is the meaningless killing of ones self and the justified murder of others in a culture of death scenario. He would like to ask those who have lost their children: For whom does the bell toll?  The bell tolls, he says, not only for them--though they are always with us--but also for us.

  

What Happened to Common Sense?

 

When it began, the columnist in the Peace Weekly doesn't know, but we seem to be witnessing, he says, an upsurge of activities in society that fly in the face of ordinary common sense. All of society is becoming increasingly upset by the prevalence of sexual abuse, family immorality, and violence of all kinds. And people in positions of authority, who should know better, are involved.

With the apparent unconcern of our society on matters of morality and the dignity of the human person, the responsibility of people of faith to respond to this growing scourge is all the greater. Jesus did say (Matt 7:18): "A healthy tree bears good fruit, but a poor tree bears bad fruit." And as Catholics we have the mission, he reminds us, to be the "salt of the earth." People of faith living their faith, the columnist asserts, would make a big difference in how the world functions.

He refers to the Korean proverb: "The lower stream is clean only when the upper stream is clean." This proverb is generally used to stress the importance of family formation of the children. Parents must provide, he says, an example for the children if they are to grow with the necessary virtues and character of a healthy citizen. It all starts in the family with the education of the children, he maintains.

Confucius said the same thing: a person has to first work on his own character before he goes out to teach others. Similar to this maxim is the idea often expressed: To have peace in the world one should first govern one's family and to do this, one must first learn to govern oneself--a maxim the columnist believes all leaders should make their own.

Those who work for the country and for its citizens should be following this advice, but the columnist does not find this true in most cases. When those in leadership begin working on governing themselves, they will set a good example to future generations.  

The columnist confesses that he is doing his best to be an example to his family and acquaintances, even though there is a lot still to be done. Instead of words, we need the example of deeds, he says.  Seeing this in the lives of people of faith would go a long way in making our world  a better place for all.
All this seems obvious. What's the point of stating the obvious? From experience we learn that what is supposed to be common  is not so common and what is considered obvious is really not that obvious. And since repetition is the mother of all learning it does no harm repeating the obvious.

Speaking with Symbols

A Catholic Times journalist responsible for reporting news from abroad recalls the media coverage of the three most recent popes, especially coverage of their trips outside of Rome. They are treated like entertainers who, when they first alight in a foreign land, are making fashion statements, he says, with their clothes and accessories.
 
Pope John, after leaving the airplane, would  bend over to kiss the ground. Twice in his trips to Korea this was his first greeting to Koreans, followed by saying "This is a land of the martyrs." With Pope Benedict, the Prada red shoes were the big interest. What seemed to be of interest when Francis went to Brazil was his carrying his little black bag onto the plane. Even when he was talking unreservedly to the Italian Premier Enrico Letta, he had this same bag with him.

Shouldn't there have been someone to carry it for him, the journalist asks, to quiet those who might think it rude that the pope has to carry his own bag? But the same thing occurred on his return to Rome. As we all know, this behavior is nothing new. He paid his own bill at the place where he stayed during the conclave and carried his own bags. He refused a private car and traveled by bus with the other Cardinals. The informality shown by the pope is very attractive to the ordinary Catholic, some of whom have said they now find going to church a joyful experience.

The Journalist recalls a recent trip to the United States, where he visited a Korean parish in Virginia. The occasion was the blessing  of the Church after remodeling was finished, and the bishop was there for the blessing. The Korean parishioners were outside waiting for the bishop to arrive in a small faded silver-colored car. His massive frame appeared, with some difficulty, from behind the drivers seat, and proceeded to the trunk of the car, taking out a big bag on wheels, which he dragged to the place of greeting. The Sunday school students greeted him with bouquets of flowers. He greeted them with a hearty laugh. He dragged the bag up the steps and disappeared inside the church. There was nobody, the journalist said, who drove the car for him nor anybody who carried his bags. Can this, by any stretch of the imagination, the journalist asks, be called rude behavior?

The journalist wonders what would it be like if the pope's personal manner of behaving, which is very attractive to many, became the normal way of doing things by the bishops of the Church--riding in buses and carrying their own bags, for example.

Symbols, especially in Catholicism, are very important. The whole sacramental system is built on symbols, which can speak loudly to Catholics. Pope Francis is using the language of symbols, whenever he chooses to respond non-verbally to the duties of his pontificate--taking buses and carrying his own bag, for instance--and whenever he chooses to relate non-verbally to the Catholic faithful, but nonetheless with a clear message, as he did by taking the name 'Francis.' Few observers will miss the shock value of such unexpected behavior. How much of these symbols will be understood to be the message of Jesus, may be another matter.

Living Each Moment Completely

What do we gain from our efforts to reach the heavens? Is there a  limit to our desire to be satisfied? asks a religious sister with a back ground in media studies and spirituality. She ponders these questions and others, as she reflects, in a recent issue of the Kyeongyang magazine, on the tower-of-Babel-world of digital science.

In scripture (Genesis 11:3) we are told about the tower's construction: "Come, let us mold bricks and harden them with fire. They used bricks for stone and bitumen for mortar." She compare our use of the computer and smart phones to the centuries-old use of bricks, and our mobile data communications to the use of mortar, while the SNS networks are busy spreading the word to the rest of the world. Results are not always positive, she points out; they may aggravate some of the more prevalent maladies of our times, such as depression, attention deficit disorders, overwork and burn out.

A sign of the times may be our lack of patience, as we attempt to accomplish more than we comfortably can. She mentioned going on a ride with an acquaintance who had two navigation systems working in the car. Not only was he following both systems but was talking to the sister at the same time. She tells us of those who find the speed of the movies, dramas and programs that some watch on TV too slow, so they download from the TV, edit them to taste, and then watch the movie or drama or whatever at their own speed, cutting out the parts they find boring.

And children appear to be no different; they have no difficulty speaking while doing their homework, to cite just one example. And there are people who see nothing wrong or unusual about using the smart phone while they continue conversing with the person beside them. We have become, she says, multitasking people. However, she tells us this may be an addiction disorder. It may not be simply an unwillingness or inability to do one task at a time, but may result from the release of adrenaline-like hormones damaging our thinking  processes. Which makes it imperative, she says, to give ourselves entirely to what we are doing.

Digital technology can often make our lives easier, more pleasurable, more satisfying than our present reality, as we get into the habit of looking for the "more" in life, for the satisfaction of the moment.  And so the smartphone tends to be with us nearly all the time. It may in fact be the first thing one looks for in the morning, she says, and the last thing one sees before going to bed.

Let us not, she concludes, seek only to make our name known (Gen. 11-4), as we try to navigate prudently this newest digital tower of Babel. She asks us to be free of this ambition and to spend more time relating with those we come in contact with every day and with our natural environment.  Even though the present reality is not perfect, we can find the key to happiness, she says, by taking leave of the digital world occasionally and living in the present moment completely.

Inculturation and Secularization

Many are the reasons Protestant theologians do not look upon Catholicism kindly.  One of the primary reasons, they maintain, is that when it became the established Church of the Roman Empire, it distorted the teachings of the early Church.

A diocesan seminary professor, in an article in the Kyeongyang magazine, explains the antagonism by noting the difference between secularization and inculturation.

Catholicism has done many things that deserve to be criticized, he acknowledges; there is no reason to deny the facts of history. Obviously, it was not the whole Church but segments within the Church that sought to imitate the prevailing mores of society at any particular historical period, often colluding with the powers of government and ignoring the teachings of Jesus and the early Church.  Secularization, as this tendency has been called, was making inroads within the Church. However, at the same time, there were many saints and ordinary observant Catholics and members of religious orders that continued living Christlike lives. But the criticisms were vociferous and developed into the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
 
With the Edict of Milan, in 313, religious freedom was declared. The way Protestants and Catholics interpret history since then is very different, the professor says. Did the Church abandon the thinking of the early Church and was secularized? So say the Protestant theologians. Or did the Church put on the clothes of the civilization and culture of the times to make the teachings of Jesus more accessible? As Catholic theologians say.

To answer the question, the professor feels it is necessary to first distinguish between the sometimes confused meanings of secularization and inculturation. Inculturation is the term used in Catholicism to denote an encounter between the Christian Gospel and a particular culture. The term is used to explain the manner in which the Church intends to safeguard the teaching  of the Gospel while encouraging a sensitivity to the different cultures it finds itself in.  Secularization, on the other hand, is an encounter with the world that abandons religious truth and values and replaces them with the values of the secular world. In this world, words tend to lose their spiritual significance. When words like joy, peace, patience, modesty, sincerity, justice and the like are understood only in a secularist sense, they lose their ultimate meanings, which can only be fully understood from a religious perspective. 

The Church, in its attempt to spread the Gospel and its values, did not deny the conveniences of the culture or the civilization in which it found itself. Rather, it worked to imbue the culture with the values of the Gospel message. It is this effort that we call inculturation, the professor said. Jesus being incarnated into a Jewish culture is the origin of what we mean by inculturation.

This happened also within Greek culture and in the middle ages in Europe. The early Fathers of the Church fought against the culture and against secularization, which slowly gave rise to the idea of inculturation. And now, after the Second Vatican Council, we use the word aggiornamento: a willingness to dialogue with the society we live in.

The Korean Catholic Church is "trying to breathe" the cultural air and "plant itself" more firmly within the Korean cultural soil, so that the teaching, pastoral ways, liturgy and the various devotions are more understandable to Koreans.  Many are falling  away from the Church, which makes this effort of inculturation all the more important. Evangelization has as its goal not only those who are outside the Church, but all Catholics who must struggle against a secularist culture, inculturation is a useful tool in the evangelization process that can be used to bring the message of the Church to those, both inside and outside the Church, who may have been negatively influenced by the accidentals that have been added over time to the Christian message.

Love is not Enough: Don Bosco

St. Don Bosco is often quoted as saying that children need not only to be loved but to feel the love. Writing in the Peace Weekly a Salesian brother explains what this means in practical terms. He  shares a home with more than 20 teens, which is like a "tree with thick branches never having a calm day no matter how little the wind is blowing--a Korean proverb he likes to quote, meaning that with a big family you are always going to have  difficulties, and he has had his share of them, he says. The boys have had different home environments and training, which often leads to quarreling, missed school and occasional runaways. 

Every Saturday afternoon the boys are given spending money and allowed to leave the house. This is always a happy day for them. On one such day he learned that two of the boys had runaway the previous day. At first, it was easy to find those who had left but with each repetition it became more difficult.

One Saturday when he was giving out the money, he also gave it to those who had run away and returned. One of the boys complained to the Brother that the runaways should not be given the money. "Running away is a bad habit they have, and to give them money will make them even worse," the boy said. "It will make running away all that more frequent."  Most of the boys agreed with him.

There were others, though, who agreed with the Brother that they should be given the spending money. One of the boys who agreed, having once runaway himself and a few years older than the recent runaways, said they would not do anything bad if given the money. The runaways, greatly pleased with the Brother's decision, left the house humming, money in hand. The rest of the group looked at the Brother and the runaways with perplexed looks on their faces, the Brother said. 

That night the runaways returned to the house like victorious generals returning from war.  The boys who complained about giving them money, with an embarrassed smile asked for forgiveness. Even though they did runaway, they were treated the same as the others, which made them feel they were loved, the Brother said. They never ran away again, he said, and the numbers of those who did were less.

To the Brother, this was  a good example of the power of forgiveness and concern that enabled the boys to do the right thing. It was precisely the runaways, in this situation, he said, that needed to feel the love that Don Bosco so much stressed.